Plato’s Rationalism, and Aristotle by Stewart Shapiro – 2. PLATO ON MATHEMATICS

Science|Religion|Philosophy No Comments »

Definitions

  • adept: is an individual identified as having attained a specific level of knowledge, skill, or aptitude in doctrines relevant to a particular author or organization
  • axiomatic: evident without proof or argument; of or pertaining to an axiom; obvious (layman)
  • exegetical: related to an exegesis, which is the interpretation and understanding of a text on the basis of the text itself
  • gnomon: pronounced NO-mon, a Greek word meaning “the one who knows.” The gnomon is the pointer on a sundial, the part of the sundial that “knows” the time
  • interlocutor: a person who takes part in a conversation
  • par excellence: being the best of its kind; being a quintessential example of the kind in question
  • truth-value: a proposition
Tags: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Plato’s Rationalism, and Aristotle by Stewart Shapiro – INTRODUCTION

Science|Religion|Philosophy No Comments »

Definitions

  • rationalism: platonism; branch of philosophy which emphasizes reason or intellect, rather than observation or sensory perception, as the basis for knowledge and truth.
  • secular: of or relating to the doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

Notes

  • The problems that occupied mathematicians for centuries, culminating more than 2,000 years later with the result that there are no solutions-the tasks to obtain exact solutions are impossible.
  • Thomas Kuhn’s influential Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1970) speaks of revolutions and ‘paradigm shifts’ that make it difficult to understand scientific works of the past. I.e., to understand previous work we have to unlearn our current science and try to immerse ourselves in the overturned world-view.
  • However, there’s an exception of this when mathematics is concerned. A contemporary mathematicians does not have to do much (if any) conceptual retooling in order to read and admire Euclid’s Elements.
  • Plato stands at the head of a long tradition in philosophy sometimes called rationalism or ‘Platonism’
Tags: , , , , , , , , , ,

An Atheist Professor and His Philosophy

Science|Religion|Philosophy No Comments »

An atheist professor of philosophy speaks to his class on the problem science has with God, The Almighty. He asks one of his new students to stand and…..

Prof: So you believe in God?

Student: Absolutely, sir.

Prof: Is God good?

Student: Sure.

Prof: Is God all-powerful?

Student: Yes.

Prof: My brother died of cancer even though he prayed to God to heal him. Most of us would attempt to help others who are ill. But God didn’t. How is this God good then? Hmm?

(Student is silent.)

Prof: You can’t answer, can you? Let’s start again, young fella. Is God good?

Student: Yes.

Prof: Is Satan good?

Student: No.

Prof: Where does Satan come from?

Student: From…God…

Prof: That’s right. Tell me son, is there evil in this world?

Student: Yes.

Prof: Evil is everywhere, isn’t it? And God did make everything. Correct?

Student: Yes.

Prof: So who created evil?

(Student does not answer.)

Prof: Is there sickness? Immorality? Hatred? Ugliness? All these terrible things exist in the world, don’t they?

Student: Yes, sir.

Prof: So, who created them?

(Student has no answer.)

Prof: Science says you have 5 senses you use to identify and observe the world around you. Tell me, son…Have you ever seen God?

Student: No, sir.

Prof: Tell us if you have ever heard your God?

Student: No, sir.

Prof: Have you ever felt your God, tasted your God, smelt your God? Have you ever had any sensory perception of God for that matter?

Student: No, sir. I’m afraid I haven’t.

Prof: Yet you still believe in Him?

Student: Yes.

Prof: According to empirical, testable, demonstrable protocol, science says your GOD doesn’t exist. What do you say to that, son?

Student: Nothing. I only have my faith.

Prof: Yes. Faith. And that is the problem science has.

Student: Professor, is there such a thing as heat?

Prof: Yes.

Student: And is there such a thing as cold?

Prof: Yes.

Student: No sir. There isn’t.

(The lecture theatre becomes very quiet with this turn of events.)

Student: Sir, you can have lots of heat, even more heat, superheat, mega heat, white heat, a little heat or no heat. But we don’t have anything called cold. We can hit 458 degrees below zero which is no heat, but we can’t go any further after that. There is no such thing as cold. Cold is only a word we use to describe the absence of heat. We cannot measure cold. Heat is energy. Cold is not the opposite of heat, sir, just the absence of it.

(There is pin-drop silence in the lecture theatre.)

Student: What about darkness, Professor? Is there such a thing as darkness?

Prof: Yes. What is night if there isn’t darkness?

Student: You’re wrong again, sir. Darkness is the absence of something. You can have low light, normal light, bright light, flashing light….But if you have no light constantly, you have nothing and it’s called darkness, isn’t it? In reality, darkness isn’t. If it were you would be able to make darkness darker, wouldn’t you?

Prof: So what is the point you are making, young man?

Student: Sir, my point is your philosophical premise is flawed.

Prof: Flawed? Can you explain how?

Student: Sir, you are working on the premise of duality. You argue there is life and then there is death, a good God and a bad God. You are viewing the concept of God as something finite, something we can measure. Sir, science can’t even explain a thought. It uses electricity and magnetism, but has never seen, much less fully understood either one.To view death as the opposite of life is to be ignorant of the fact that death cannot exist as a substantive thing. Death is not the opposite of life: just the absence of it. Now tell me, Professor. Do you teach your students that they evolved from a monkey?

Prof: If you are referring to the natural evolutionary process, yes, of course, I do.

Student: Have you ever observed evolution with your own eyes, sir?

(The Professor shakes his head with a smile, beginning to realize where the argument is going.)

Student: Since no one has ever observed the process of evolution at work and cannot even prove that this process is an on-going endeavor, are you not teaching your opinion, sir? Are you not a scientist but a preacher?

(The class is in uproar.)

Student: Is there anyone in the class who has ever seen the Professor’s brain?

(The class breaks out into laughter.)

Student: Is there anyone here who has ever heard the Professor’s brain, felt it, touched or smelt it? No one appears to have done so. So, according to the established rules of empirical, stable, demonstrable protocol, science says that you have no brain,sir. With all due respect, sir, how do we then trust your lectures, sir?

(The room is silent. The professor stares at the student, his face unfathomable.)

Prof: I guess you’ll have to take them on faith, son.

Student: That is it sir… The link between man & god is FAITH. That is all that keeps things moving & alive.

WANT TO KNOW WHO THE STUDENT WAS?

He was Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, father of India’s missile program and the former president of India.

Tags: , , ,