Plato’s Rationalism, and Aristotle by Stewart Shapiro – 2. PLATO ON MATHEMATICS

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Definitions

  • adept: is an individual identified as having attained a specific level of knowledge, skill, or aptitude in doctrines relevant to a particular author or organization
  • axiomatic: evident without proof or argument; of or pertaining to an axiom; obvious (layman)
  • exegetical: related to an exegesis, which is the interpretation and understanding of a text on the basis of the text itself
  • gnomon: pronounced NO-mon, a Greek word meaning “the one who knows.” The gnomon is the pointer on a sundial, the part of the sundial that “knows” the time
  • interlocutor: a person who takes part in a conversation
  • par excellence: being the best of its kind; being a quintessential example of the kind in question
  • truth-value: a proposition
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The Critique of Contemporary Empiricism by Harold Morrick – 1. INTRODUCTION

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Definitions

  • empiricism: the doctrine that says sense experience is the only source of knowledge
  • epistemological: the science which deals with the origin, method and validity of knowledge
  • experimental inference: a.k.a. induction by simple enumeration is the process of esitmating what can truly be ascribed to a whole class of things or events on the basis of what has been observed to be true of part of that class
  • instrumentalism: the doctrine that ideas are instruments of response and adaptation, and that their truth is to be judged in terms of their effectiveness
  • operationalism: the process of defining a concept as the operations that will measure the concept (variables) through specific observations
  • posteriori: inductive; relating to or derived by reasoning from observed facts
  • priori: deductive; relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions
  • solipsism: the belief that the only thing a person can be absolutely sure of is that he or she exists. All other persons or objects do not exist independently and are merely projections of one
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